Based on the overview presented, it is clear that the search for beneficial biodiesel sources should focus on feedstocks that do not compete with food crops, do not lead to land-clearing and provide greenhouse-gas reductions. Highly rated journals in scientific indexes were the preferred choice, although other non-indexed publications, such as Scientific Research and Essays or some internal reports from highly reputed organizations such as International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy Information Administration (EIA) and British Petroleum (BP) have also been cited. The literature reviewed was selective and critical. These aspects include, biodiesel feedstocks, extraction and production methods, properties and qualities of biodiesel, problems and potential solutions of using vegetable oil, advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel, the economical viability and finally the future of biodiesel. In this paper, a detailed review has been conducted to highlight different related aspects to biodiesel industry. Biodiesel is one of the best available resources that have come to the forefront recently. This work could offer a new perspective in the production of biofuels.Īs the fossil fuels are depleting day by day, there is a need to find out an alternative fuel to fulfill the energy demand of the world. In addition, the waste solid remaining after the oil extraction can be utilized as compost as well as fuel pellets. Moreover, the biodiesel derived from coffee oil possesses better oxidation stability than biodiesel from other sources, due to the endogenous antioxidants it contains. The results of the produced fatty acid methyl esters are very promising. Finally, the quality parameters of the produced biodiesel were determined according to the European standard EN 14214. The conversion of coffee oil was found to be about 92 %. All the reactions were carried out at 65 o C for 2 h with anhydrous methanol in methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 9:1using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst in amount (1%). The oil was converted to biodiesel via transesterification reaction. The experimental results showed that the oil content of spent coffee grounds is between 10-15 % w/w (on a dry weight basis). Afterwards the oil was separated from the solvent using a rotary evaporator and its physicochemical properties were measured. A low-boiling organic solvent such as n-hexane was used. The grounds were dried in an oven at 105° C to remove moisture (mostly 25 wt%) and then the oil was extracted by applying a soxhlet process. For this study, spent coffee grounds were collected from local coffee houses. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the utilization of waste coffee grounds as a potential new-low cost alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. For this reason the investigation for new attractive alternative feedstocks is important. However, biodiesel production is a fairly expensive process with its feedstock comprising the major cost. Biodiesel is a renewable energy source produced from natural oils and fats, and is being used as a substitute for petroleum diesel.
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